Pine Script Learning Resources

Subtraction or unary minus. Applicable to numerical expressions.

Subtraction assignment. Applicable to numerical expressions.

Reassignment operator. It is used to assign a new value to a previously declared variable.

Inequality operator. Returns true if the operands are considered not equal, and false otherwise. This operator is compatible with all value types, including "int", "float", "bool", "color", and "string". The operator can also compare two line or label IDs.

Ternary conditional operator.

Series subscript. Provides access to previous values of series expr1. expr2 is the number of bars back, and must be numerical. Floats will be rounded down.

Multiplication. Applicable to numerical expressions.

Multiplication assignment. Applicable to numerical expressions.

Division. Applicable to numerical expressions.

Division assignment. Applicable to numerical expressions.

Modulo (integer remainder). Applicable to numerical expressions.

Modulo assignment. Applicable to numerical expressions.

Addition or unary plus. Applicable to numerical expressions or strings.

Addition assignment. Applicable to numerical expressions or strings.

Less than. Applicable to numerical expressions.

Less than or equal to. Applicable to numerical expressions.

Assignment operator. Assigns an initial value or reference to a declared variable. It means this is a new variable, and it starts with this value.

Equality operator. Returns true if the operands are considered equal, and false otherwise. This operator is compatible with all value types, including "int", "float", "bool", "color", and "string". The operator can also compare two line or label IDs.

The '=>' operator is used in user-defined function declarations and in switch statements.

Greater than. Applicable to numerical expressions.

Greater than or equal to. Applicable to numerical expressions.

Constant for dividends adjustment type (dividends adjustment is applied).

Constant for none adjustment type (no adjustment is applied).

Constant for splits adjustment type (splits adjustment is applied).

Creates an alert trigger for an indicator or strategy, with a specified frequency, when called on the latest realtime bar. To activate alerts for a script containing calls to this function, open the "Create Alert" dialog box, then select the script name and "Any alert() function…

A named constant for use with the freq parameter of the alert() function.

A named constant for use with the freq parameter of the alert() function.

A named constant for use with the freq parameter of the alert() function.

Creates alert condition, that is available in Create Alert dialog. Please note, that alertcondition() does NOT create an alert, it just gives you more options in Create Alert dialog. Also, alertcondition() effect is invisible on chart.

Logical AND. Applicable to boolean expressions.

Keyword used to explicitly declare the "array" type of a variable or a parameter. Array objects (or IDs) can be created with the array.new<type>(), array.from() function.

Returns an array containing the absolute value of each element in the original array.

The function returns the mean of an array's elements.

Performs a binary search through a sorted array to locate an element corresponding to a target value. The function returns an element's index if the value from that element equals the target value. Otherwise, it returns -1.

Performs a binary search through a sorted array to locate an element corresponding to a target value. If the function locates the target value in the array's elements or referenced object fields, it returns the index of the first element whose retrieved value equals that value.

Performs a binary search through a sorted array to locate an element corresponding to a target value. If the function locates the target value in the array's elements or referenced object fields, it returns the index of the last element whose retrieved value equals that value.

The function removes all elements from an array.

The function is used to merge two arrays. It pushes all elements from the second array to the first array, and returns the first array.

The function creates a copy of an existing array.

The function returns the covariance of two arrays.

Returns true if all elements of the id array are true, false otherwise.

The function sets elements of an array to a single value. If no index is specified, all elements are set. If only a start index (default 0) is supplied, the elements starting at that index are set.

Returns the array's first element. Throws a runtime error if the array is empty.

The function takes a variable number of arguments with one of the types: int, float, bool, string, label, line, color, box, table, linefill, and returns an array of the corresponding type.

The function returns the value of the element at the specified index.

The function returns true if the value was found in an array, false otherwise.

The function returns the index of the first occurrence of the value, or -1 if the value is not found.

The function changes the contents of an array by adding new elements in place.

The function creates and returns a new string by concatenating all the elements of an array, separated by the specified separator string.

Returns the array's last element. Throws a runtime error if the array is empty.

The function returns the index of the last occurrence of the value, or -1 if the value is not found.

The function returns the greatest value, or the nth greatest value in a given array.

The function returns the median of an array's elements.

The function returns the smallest value, or the nth smallest value in a given array.

The function returns the mode of an array's elements. If there are several values with the same frequency, it returns the smallest value.

The function creates a new array object of bool type elements.

The function creates a new array object of box type elements.

The function creates a new array object of color type elements.

The function creates a new array object of float type elements.

The function creates a new array object of int type elements.